Fermentation Containers
There are many types of fermentation containers that will each make very different wines. The major considerations are how much control the winemaker needs over fermentation temperature and if he/she wants to impart oak flavors into the wine.
The Importance of Fermentation Containers in the Winemaking Process
Depending on where and how they were made, oak barrels will impart certain characteristics into wine. Oak has an affinity for certain varietals, but new barrels are very expensive. Most oak barrels used in California are either from France or America.
Stainless Steel
The major benefit of stainless steel tanks is controlling the fermentation temperature. They are also easy to sterilize and fit with additional equipment. Stainless steel tanks are used when the winemaker wants to retain the grapes’ natural characteristics.
Wooden Vats
Either out of preference or necessity, some wineries use large wooden vats for fermentation. Though more difficult to control their temperature than metal, the small amount of oxygen that seeps through the wood is thought to be beneficial by many winemakers. They are also less expensive than stainless steel tanks.
Concrete Tanks
Although they were once much more widespread, many California wineries still use concrete tanks for fermentation. Concrete is very inexpensive and can be line with other materials to help prevent corrosion and to make sterilization more effective.
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